2.1 selection of steel

一般情况下经计算所得的梁柱截面，或是依托梁柱本身的强度进行控制，那么在进行钢材选择的时候，需要将强度作为，影响要素若是结构本身是根据变形或者是稳定性进行控制，那么需要考虑到使用低强度等级的钢材。除此之外，根据当前我国所出台的与钢结构建筑有关的规范标准，门式刚架以及吊车梁和檩条等相关结构构件，需要选择Q235-B或者是以上等级的钢材作为主体结构材料使用。

In general, the calculated beam column section is controlled by the strength of the beam column itself. When selecting steel, the strength needs to be the first factor. If the structure itself is controlled according to deformation or stability, it needs to consider the use of low-strength steel. In addition, according to the current codes and standards related to steel structure buildings issued in China, steel of Q235-B or above grade shall be selected as the main structural material for portal frame, crane beam, purlin and other relevant structural components.

2.2焊接材料的选择与使用

2.2 selection and use of welding materials

对于门式刚架轻型钢结构房屋设计来讲，应当在选择焊接材料的时候，保证和钢材的种类综合进行考虑选择和钢材种类相同等级的焊条或者是焊丝作为焊接用材，尤其是那些直接承受动力荷载的焊接连接以及厚板焊接，应当选择使用低轻型焊条，从而确保焊接材料的质量以及性能，能够满足钢结构房屋建筑设计的强度及稳定性要求。

For the design of light-weight steel structure buildings with gabled frames, when selecting welding materials, it should be considered comprehensively with the types of steel, and the welding rods or welding wires of the same grade as the types of steel should be selected as welding materials, especially for those welding connections and thick plate welding that directly bear dynamic load, low-weight welding rods should be selected to ensure the quality and performance of welding materials, It can meet the strength and stability requirements of steel structure building design.

2.3螺栓选择

2.3 bolt selection

对于門式刚架轻型钢结构设计，应当通过高强度的螺栓和钢结构对结构的主材料进行连接，在设计阶段，应当对螺栓本身的性能等级，以及所连接材料的摩擦系数进行计算并确定，避免在选择螺栓时出现选择错误。一般情况下，在进行高强度螺栓连接时，主要选择两种分别是承压型螺栓以及摩擦型螺栓。

For the design of portal frame light steel structure, the main materials of the structure should be connected through high-strength bolts and steel structure. In the design stage, the performance grade of the bolts themselves and the friction coefficient of the connected materials should be calculated and determined to avoid selection errors in the selection of bolts. In general, two types of high-strength bolt connection are mainly selected: pressure bearing bolt and friction bolt.

3.屋面支撑系统设计

3. Roof support system design

门式刚架轻型钢结构房屋设计，在进行支撑设计与布置的过程中，需要将螺钉连接Z型或C型檩条，在此过程中还需要保证钢结构房屋当中屋面板的厚度，以及钢材版型和连接件的标准，从而使轻型钢结构能够拥有可靠的传力结构。对于从业人员来讲，需要注意的是在设计过程中，如果使用直立锁缝屋面的时候，对于压型钢板以及连接件来讲可能会出现相对滑动，所以不能够当做檩条上翼缘的支撑，否则就可能会导致轻型钢结构设计出现问题，所以要针对各结构的实际稳定性进行合理检验及计算，确保结构本身设计拥有合理性。还需要做好拉条以及撑杆系统的设计，上降低边缘稳定缺失的降低，从而使钢结构房屋整体的结构稳定性以及性得到提升。在实际计算过程中考虑到轻型钢结构的实际状况在每一项工作环节都需要进行合理安排，并选择合适的节点构造，确保整个结构设计拥有合理性以及可行性。

In the design of portal frame light steel structure house, in the process of support design and layout, screws need to be connected to Z-shaped or C-shaped purlins. In this process, it is also necessary to ensure the thickness of roof slab in the steel structure house and the standards of steel plate and connectors, so that the light steel structure can have a reliable force transfer structure. For practitioners, it should be noted that in the design process, if the vertical seam roof is used, there may be relative sliding for the profiled steel plate and connectors, so it can not be used as the support of the upper flange of the purlin, otherwise it may lead to problems in the design of light steel structure. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct reasonable inspection and calculation according to the actual stability of each structure to ensure the rationality of the design of the structure itself. We also need to do a good job in the design of brace and brace system to minimize the reduction of edge stability loss, so as to improve the overall structural stability and safety of steel structure houses. In the actual calculation process, considering the actual situation of light steel structure, reasonable arrangement is required in each work link, and appropriate node structure is selected to ensure the rationality and feasibility of the whole structural design.

4.蒙皮效应分析

4. Skin effect analysis

对于门式刚架轻型钢结构围护设计，若是采用蒙皮设计方法，那么需要根据实际状况对整体结构的设计要求进行确定，而且还需要对纵向边缘构件以及连接件和螺钉件之间的间距进行合理优化配置，然后要结合工程的施工以及进度相关因素进行考虑，规避未来设计过程中不能够满足母体设计的需求时支撑系统所需要进行的修改。

For the enclosure design of portal frame light steel structure, if the skin design method is adopted, the design requirements of the overall structure need to be determined according to the actual situation, and the spacing between longitudinal edge members, connectors and screws need to be reasonably optimized, and then it should be considered in combination with the construction and progress related factors of the project, Avoid the modifications required by the support system when the requirements of the parent design cannot be met in the future design process.

5.整体变形问题

5. Overall deformation

对于整体变形问题来讲一些有关的设计规范当中，只是针对钢结构本身的横向柱顶水平位移进行了优化限制，但从实际状况来看，支撑系统本身的柔性变形以及塑性变形等相关因素也会导致位移问题的出现，对于的从业人员来讲，应当在对门式刚架轻型钢结构房屋设计过程中，采用刚性支撑等相应的措施来规避变形问题的出现，从而达到对房屋建筑结构整体进行调整与优化的效果。如果在工作过程中结构设受到特殊因素的影响，而不能够进行圆钢支撑设计，应当将刚性门架规避和原装支撑共同进行使用，从而使钢架侧向位移以及扭转的状况得到明显缓解，进一步使轻钢结构设计的科学及合理性得到提升。

For the overall deformation problem, some relevant design codes only optimize and limit the horizontal displacement of the transverse column top of the steel structure itself, but from the actual situation, the flexible deformation and plastic deformation of the support system itself and other related factors will also lead to the displacement problem. For professional practitioners, they should be in the design process of portal frame light steel structure houses, Rigid support and other corresponding measures are adopted to avoid the occurrence of deformation problems, so as to achieve the effect of adjusting and optimizing the whole building structure. When the steel frame is designed, it can avoid the influence of the original steel structure and the torsion of the steel structure, so that the steel frame can be further protected from the special support during the design process.

6.抗风措施

6. Wind resistance measures

门式刚架轻型钢结构房屋建筑，在使用过程中所面临的更主要问题就是在大风天气状况下，房屋本身可能会面临倒塌与倾斜的危险，所以基于当前钢结构，房屋建筑工程的实际施工来看，在大风天气状况下，房屋的纵向尺寸如果十分小，那么钢架柱子很可能会被直接拔出来，难以抵抗纵向风所产生的荷载。在这种状况下进行钢结构当中柱脚的设置是一项非常重要的工作，尤其是在风荷载比较大的地区，应当对钢结构房屋的柱脚进行抗风措施设计充分衡量抗拔构造，并结合门式刚架的轻型钢结构设计现实因素，对柱脚进行优化设计衡量。

The main problem faced by the light steel structure building with portal frame in the process of use is that the house itself may face the danger of collapse and inclination in windy weather. Therefore, based on the actual construction of the current steel structure and housing construction project, if the longitudinal size of the house is very small in windy weather, the steel frame columns are likely to be pulled out directly, It is difficult to resist the load caused by longitudinal wind. In this case, the setting of column base in steel structure is a very important work, especially in the area with large wind load, the wind resistance measures should be designed for the column base of steel structure house, the pull-out structure should be fully measured, and the column base should be optimized and measured in combination with the practical factors of light steel structure design of portal frame.

7.钢梁分段问题

7. Steel beam segmentation

在轻型钢结构房屋设计过程中，钢梁分段不同可能会对结构本身的弯矩造成一些影响，所以在实际设计过程中，钢梁分段的确定是较为重要的工作，为了保证后续工序得以顺利开展设计工作人员应当基于实际施工要求，考虑到多方面因素对钢梁分段进行确认。是要在设计过程中，应当针对钢梁的拼接节点进行合理控制，上保证后续的加工工序能够简单快速，而且还需要避免将梁拆分成单件复杂形状的构件。其次是应当保证钢梁本身的分段情况可以满足结构运输的要求，设计工作人员应当从钢梁分段的长度进行考虑对其进行限制，确保在运输过程中车辆能够有效转弯，降低运输过程中的费用控制与风险控制。就是应当考虑到安装的便捷性，所以设计工作人员应当对钢梁拼接节点进行合理控制。

In the design process of light steel structure houses, different steel beam sections may have some impact on the bending moment of the structure itself. Therefore, in the actual design process, the determination of steel beam sections is a more important work. In order to ensure the smooth development of subsequent processes, the design staff should confirm the steel beam sections based on the actual construction requirements and considering various factors. Firstly, in the design process, the splicing joints of steel beams should be reasonably controlled to ensure that the subsequent processing process can be simple and fast to the greatest extent, and it is also necessary to avoid splitting the beams into single components with complex shapes. Secondly, it should be ensured that the segmentation of the steel beam itself can meet the requirements of structural transportation. The design staff should consider the length of the steel beam segmentation and limit it, so as to ensure that the vehicle can turn effectively in the transportation process and reduce the cost control and risk control in the transportation process. Finally, the convenience of installation should be considered, so the design staff should reasonably control the steel beam splicing joints.

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